phy: Improve clock accuracy at 0.5 dividers at the cost of some jitter

Actually, assuming that each clock domain is fast enough for 10 MBit/s,
there is no problem running crazy ratios.

README.MD

@@ -28,6 +28,14 @@ Notes:
 * The RX pull up/downs are probably not the best idea, and fixable in a better way. But for now, this shall work -- and suffice!
 * On the TX side, I'm grossly overloading the drivers. A line driver would probably be a good idea. Or you can just parallel multiple outputs ;D
 
+## Stats
+
+Sythesized for a Lattice LFXP2-5E FPGA using LSE / Diamond v3.12:
+
+| Configuration    | Slices | LUT4 | Registers |
+| ---------------- | ------ | ---- | --------- |
+| `trashernet_phy` | 115    | 188  | 91        |
+
 ## License
 
 This Source Code Form is subject to the terms of the Mozilla Public License, v. 2.0.

trashernet/trashernet_arp.vhd

@@ -55,12 +55,13 @@ architecture rtl of trashernet_arp is
 	signal arp_tx_reply_ack : std_logic; -- ARP reply has been latched and is being sent
 
 	signal arp_tx_request_rq  : std_logic; -- Request to transmit an ARP request
-	signal arp_tx_request_tpa : ip_addr_t; -- IP address that we want to know the MAC address of, either real target or gateway
+	signal arp_tx_request_tpa : ip_addr_t; -- IP address that we want to know the MAC address of
 	signal arp_tx_request_ack : std_logic; -- ARP request has been latched and is being sent
 
 	signal arp_rx_reply_stb : std_logic; -- An ARP reply was received (strobe)
 	signal arp_rx_sha       : mac_addr_t; -- The MAC address of the reply sender, valid with arp_rx_reply
 	signal arp_rx_spa       : ip_addr_t; -- The IP address of the reply sender, valid with arp_rx_reply
+
 begin
 	resolver : block
 		type resolver_state_t is (IDLE, QUERY_MAC);
@@ -71,10 +72,8 @@ begin
 
 		signal replied_ip  : ip_addr_t;
 		signal replied_mac : mac_addr_t;
-
-		signal arp_query_stb       : std_logic; -- Pipelined version of arp_in.arp_query_stb
-		signal target_is_in_subnet : std_logic; -- Indicates whether the target IP is the subnet or whether to send this to the gateway
 	begin
+
 		arp_resolver_main : process(rst, clk) is
 		begin
 			if rst then
@@ -97,7 +96,7 @@ begin
 
 				case state is
 					when IDLE =>
-						if arp_query_stb then
+						if arp_in.arp_query_stb then
 							if query_mac_found then
 								arp_out.arp_ok_stb <= '1';
 							else
@@ -119,21 +118,9 @@ begin
 			end if;
 		end process arp_resolver_main;
 		query_mac_found <= '1' when (arp_tx_request_tpa = replied_ip) else '0';
-		target_is_in_subnet <= or((arp_in.arp_ip xor ip_config.gateway) and ip_config.subnet_mask);
 
 		arp_out.arp_mac    <= replied_mac;
-
+		arp_tx_request_tpa <= arp_in.arp_ip;
-		-- Pipelines the start of query so that we get some additional time to evaluate the target+netmask.
-		pipeline : process (clk, rst) is
-		begin
-			if rst then
-				arp_tx_request_tpa <= (others => x"00");
-				arp_query_stb      <= '0';
-			elsif rising_edge(clk) then
-				arp_tx_request_tpa <= arp_in.arp_ip when target_is_in_subnet else ip_config.gateway;
-				arp_query_stb      <= arp_in.arp_query_stb;
-			end if;
-		end process pipeline;
 
 		timeout_timer_inst : entity work.timer
 			generic map(

trashernet/trashernet_phy.vhd

@@ -253,6 +253,7 @@ begin
 		begin
 			if rst then
 				phy_out.rx_data_valid <= '0';
+				phy_out.rx_data <= (others => '0'); -- Needed for yosys to compile
 
 			elsif rising_edge(clk) then
 				phy_out.rx_data_valid <= '0';
@@ -296,8 +297,11 @@ begin
 	-- -------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 	transmitter : block
-		constant TX_STB_CNT_MAX : integer := integer(round(real(F_CLK) / real((F_ETH * 2)))) - 1;
+		constant TX_STB_CNT_IDEAL   : real    := real(F_CLK) / real((F_ETH * 2));
-		signal tx_stb_cnt       : integer range 0 to TX_STB_CNT_MAX;
+		constant TX_STB_SKIP_ERROR  : real    := abs (round(TX_STB_CNT_IDEAL) - TX_STB_CNT_IDEAL);
+		constant TX_STB_CNT_MAX     : integer := integer(round(TX_STB_CNT_IDEAL + 0.25)) - 1; -- Round up starting for error > 0.25
+		constant TX_STB_SKIP_SECOND : boolean := TX_STB_SKIP_ERROR >= 0.25; -- Skip one clock cycle every other symbol to hit clock rate in between when the divider is close to x.5
+		signal tx_stb_cnt           : integer range 0 to TX_STB_CNT_MAX;
 
 		type tx_state_t is (IDLE, NLP, TX, IPG);
 		signal tx_state  : tx_state_t;
@@ -367,6 +371,9 @@ begin
 
 				if tx_stb_cnt = 0 then
 					tx_stb_cnt <= TX_STB_CNT_MAX;
+					if TX_STB_SKIP_SECOND and bit_stage = '1' then
+						tx_stb_cnt <= TX_STB_CNT_MAX - 1;
+					end if;
 				else
 					tx_stb_cnt <= tx_stb_cnt - 1;
 				end if;

trashernet/trashernet_phy_cdc.vhd

@@ -44,14 +44,14 @@ architecture rtl of trashernet_phy_cdc is
 	signal phy_phy_in  : phy_in_t;
 
 	-- Helper signals
-	signal rx_data_valid_i : std_logic;
+	signal rx_data_i : byte;
 
 begin
-	assert F_CLK_PHY > 2 * F_CLK report "F_CLK_PHY must be at least 2x F_CLK" severity failure;
-	
 	-- -------------------------------------------------------------------------
 	-- Drives: PHY clock domain
 	-- -------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+	-- Reset synchronizer for PHY
 	rstsync : process(phy_clk, rst) is
 	begin
 		if rst then
@@ -61,6 +61,7 @@ begin
 		end if;
 	end process rstsync;
 
+	-- Operate Trashernet in PHY clock domain
 	trashernet_phy_inst : entity work.trashernet_phy
 		generic map(
 			F_CLK => F_CLK_PHY
@@ -75,6 +76,22 @@ begin
 			tx_n    => tx_n
 		);
 
+	-- Latch data in PHY clock domain when valid is strobed
+	--  If the other clock domain is slower than the time it takes for the strobe to synchronize,
+	--  `phy_phy_out.rx_data` will already have shifted in the next bit and no longer be valid.
+	--  Therefore, we need to latch it here.
+	rxdff : process(phy_clk, rst) is
+	begin
+		if rst then
+			rx_data_i <= (others => '0');
+
+		elsif rising_edge(phy_clk) then
+			if phy_phy_out.rx_data_valid then
+				rx_data_i <= phy_phy_out.rx_data;
+			end if;
+		end if;
+	end process rxdff;
+
 	synchronizer_txen_inst : entity work.synchronizer
 		generic map(
 			SIZE => 5
@@ -98,18 +115,10 @@ begin
 			a_in  => phy_phy_out.rx_data_valid,
 			b_clk => clk,
 			b_rst => rst,
-			b_out => rx_data_valid_i
+			b_out => phy_out.rx_data_valid
 		);
 
-	rxdvff : process(clk, rst) is
+	phy_out.rx_data <= rx_data_i;       -- No need to synchronize in new clock domain as latched data has been stable for a while thanks to the delay in the _valid synchronizer
-	begin
-		if rst then
-			phy_out.rx_data_valid <= '0';
-		elsif rising_edge(clk) then
-			phy_out.rx_data_valid <= rx_data_valid_i;
-			phy_out.rx_data       <= phy_phy_out.rx_data; -- Data should be stable after the time it takes the _valid signal to go through the synchronizer
-		end if;
-	end process rxdvff;
 
 	cdc_strobe_rxer_inst : entity work.cdc_strobe
 		port map(